APHA Policy Statement 9612: Threats to Affirmative Action Are Threats to Health.APHA Policy Statement 20005: Effective Interventions for Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health.APHA Policy Statement 20017: Research and Intervention on Racism as a Fundamental Cause of Ethnic Disparities in Health.APHA Policy Statement 200311: Opposition to Eliminating or Compromising the Collection of Racial and Ethnic Data by State and Local Public Institutions.APHA Policy Statement 20073: Environmental Injustices: Research and Action to Reduce Obesity Disparities.APHA Policy Statement 20091: Support for Community Health Workers to Increase Health Access and to Reduce Health Inequities.APHA Policy Statement 20167: Improving Health by Increasing the Minimum Wage.APHA Policy Statement 20165: Addressing Social Determinants to Ensure On-Time Graduation.APHA Policy Statement 201415: Support for Social Determinants of Behavioral Health and Pathways for Integrated and Better Public Health.APHA Policy Statement 20101: Public Health and Education: Working Collaboratively Across Sectors to Improve High School Graduation as a Means to Eliminate Health Disparities.APHA Policy Statement 20173: Public Health and Early Childhood Education: Support for Universal Preschool in the United States.APHA Policy Statement 201710: Protecting Children’s Environmental Health: A Comprehensive Framework.APHA Policy Statement 20178: Housing and Homelessness a Public Health Issue.APHA Policy Statement 20179: Reducing Income Inequality to Advance Health.The following are some relevant APHA policies that are more narrowly focused on individual social determinants of health and health disparities. Relationship to Existing APHA Policy Statements The action items presented in this policy statement call on national, state, and local governments, as well as nonprofit and philanthropic organizations and individuals, to implement policies, practices, surveillance, and research that include a health equity lens and framework across all sectors of society such that everyone can live a long life in optimal health.
Thus, more intentional, comprehensive, system-oriented, and coordinated strategies should be employed to achieve health equity in the United States. Despite Healthy People goals and objectives over several decades and modest reductions in health disparities in the United States, there are still persistent and pervasive disparities. In response to health inequities, national initiatives have been undertaken such as Healthy People 2020 and the National Partnership for Action to End Health Disparities. Moreover, it is estimated that from 2003 to 2006 the combined costs of health inequities and premature deaths in the United States totaled $1.24 trillion and that elimination of health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities would have reduced these costs, including direct medical care, by $229.4 billion. Decades of surveillance and research in the United States have documented health disparities in morbidity and mortality, particularly among racial/ethnic minority groups and those of lower socioeconomic status.
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